empty_list1 = []
empty_list2 = list()
basic_list = ["Hello", 1234, 1.234, True]
depth2_list = ["Hello", 1234, [1.234, True]]
depth3_list = [["Hello"], [1234, [1.234, True]]]

print("\nIndexing: 1.234에 접근하기")
print("basic indexing:", basic_list[2])
print("negative indexing:", basic_list[-2])
print("first indexing:", depth2_list[2])
print("second indexing:", depth2_list[2][0])
print("first indexing:", depth3_list[1])
print("second indexing:", depth3_list[1][1])
print("third indexing:", depth3_list[1][1][0])
try:
    print(depth2_list[5])
except IndexError as ie:
    print("IndexError:", ie)

print("\nSlicing")
print("[start:end]", basic_list[1:3])
print("[start:]", basic_list[2:])
print("[:end]", basic_list[:2])
print("[start:negative_end]", basic_list[1:-1])
print("[:negative_end]", basic_list[:-2])
print("[negative_start:negative_end]", basic_list[-4:-2])
print("[nested list1]", depth2_list[1:3])
print("[nested list2]", depth3_list[0:2])
print("[partially overlap]", basic_list[2:10])
print("[out of range]", basic_list[5:10])

mammal = ["dog", "cat", "human"]
reptile = ["snake", "lizard", "frog"]
bird = ["eagle", "sparrow", "chicken"]
animal = mammal*2 + reptile + bird
print("\nlist concatenation")
print("animal:", animal)
# => animal: ['dog', 'cat', 'human', 'dog', 'cat', 'human', 
# 'snake', 'lizard', 'frog', 'eagle', 'sparrow', 'chicken']

tottenham = ['Son', 'Alli', 'Bergwijn', 'Højbjerg', 'Tanganga', 'Skipp']
print("Tottenham Hotspur vs Manchester City 2021-08-16 starting line up: \n", tottenham)
print("At 55, Son scored a goal!")

# sort(): 원소 알파벳순, 크기순 정렬, in-place 함수기 때문에 아무것도 리턴하지 않는다.
print("sort() is a in-place function:", tottenham.sort())
print("sort by name:", tottenham)

# remove(): 입력한 원소를 삭제
tottenham.remove('Bergwijn')
# insert(): 원하는 위치에 원소 삽입
tottenham.insert(1, 'Lo Celso')
print("At 72, Bergwijn out and Lo Celso in:", tottenham)

# pop(): 입력이 없으면 마지막 원소를 삭제하고 pop(index)는 index의 원소를 삭제한다.
tottenham.pop(-1)
# append(): 원소를 마지막에 추가한다. 두 리스트의 원소들을 합칠 때는 +나 extend()를 쓴다.
tottenham.append('Doherty')
print("At 83, Tanganga out and Doherty:", tottenham)

del tottenham[2]
tottenham += ['Romero']
print("At 90, Højbjerg out and Romero in:", tottenham)
# reverse(): 순서를 거꾸로 뒤집는다.
tottenham.reverse()
print("reverse order", tottenham)

top_lang_2009 = ["Java", "C", "Python", "C++", "C#"]
# => top_lang_2019 = ["Java", "C", "Python", "C++", "PHP"]

string = "Hello"
print("\nlen of {}:".format(string), len(string))
# => len of Hello: 5
mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print("len of {}:".format(mylist), len(mylist))
# => len of [1, 2, 3, 4]: 4

mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
del mylist[2]
print("\nafter deleting [2]:", mylist)
# => after deleting [2]: [1, 2, 4, 5]
del mylist[2:]
print("after deleting [2:]:", mylist)
# => after deleting [2:]: [1, 2]

mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
mylist[0] = "Life"
print("\nchange element by indexing:", mylist)
# => change element by indexing: ['Life', 2, 3, 4, 5]
mylist[1:4] = ["is", "too", "short"]
print("\nchange elements by slicing:", mylist)
# => change elements by slicing: ['Life', 'is', 'too', 'short', 5]

print("\njoin strings")
path = ["/home", "ian", "work", "ian-lecture"]
print("joined path:", "/".join(path))
# => joined path: /home/ian/work/ian-lecture
time = ["13", "20", "30"]
print("joined time:", ":".join(time))
# => joined time: 13:20:30

print("\n'in' operator")
twice = ["나연", "정연", "모모", "사나", "지효", "미나", "다현", "채영", "쯔위"]
if "채영" in twice:
    print("채영은 트와이스 입니다.")
if "채령" not in twice:
    print("채령은 트와이스가 아닙니다. 있지 입니다.")

good_for_list = ["pooh", "tigger", "piglet", "rabbit"]
pooh = ["bear", 5, 50]
tigger = ["tiger", 4, 40]
print("list based data management")
print("pooh's species is", pooh[0])
print("pooh's weight is", pooh[2])
print("tigers's age is", tigger[1])

mydict = {Key1:Value1, Key2:Value2, ...}
print("read value1 by key1", mydict[Key1])

pooh = {"species": "bear", "age": 5, "weight": 50}
tigger = {"species": "tiger", "age": 4, "weight": 40}
print("\ndict based data management")
print("pooh's species is", pooh["species"])
print("pooh's weight is", pooh["weight"])
print("tigers's age is", tigger["age"])

print("\nhash example")
print("hash of 1:", hash(1))
print("hash of python:", hash("python"))
try:
    print("hash of []:", hash([]))
except TypeError as te:
    print("[TypeError]", te)

print("\nbasic usage")
pooh = {"species": "bear", "age": 5, "weight": 50}
# 데이터 읽기: 특정 `key`에 연결된 `Value`를 읽기 위해서는 `[Key]`하면 된다.
print("pooh's age is", pooh["age"])
# 데이터 수정: 특정 `key`에 연결된 `Value`를 수정할 때는 그냥 값을 키에 넣으면 된다.
pooh["age"] = 10
print("pooh's age is", pooh["age"])
# 데이터 추가: 이미 만들어진 딕셔너리에 `Key:Value` 쌍을 추가하는 방법 역시 그냥 값을 키에 넣으면 된다.
pooh["height"] = 1.2
print("pooh:", pooh)
# 데이터 삭제: 리스트처럼 `del`을 이용한다.
del pooh["weight"]
print("pooh:", pooh)

pooh = {"species": "bear", "age": 5, "weight": 50}
try:
    print("\ntry non-existing key")
    print("pooh's color?", pooh["color"])
except KeyError as ke:
    print("[KeyError]", ke)

if "color" in pooh:
    print("pooh's color is", pooh["color"])
else:
    print("pooh has no color")

print("\ndict functions")
scores = {"pooh": 80, "tigger": 70, "piglet": 90, "rabbit": 85}
print("names:", scores.keys())
print("scores:", scores.values())
print("items:", scores.items())

print("names:", list(scores.keys()))
print("scores:", list(scores.values()))
print("items:", list(scores.items()))

print("\nHow to use tuple")
empty_tuple1 = ()
empty_tuple2 = tuple()
basic_tuple1 = ("Hello", 1234, 1.234, True)
basic_tuple2 = "Hello", 1234, 1.234, True
depth2_tuple = ("Hello", 1234, (1.234, True))
print("tuple1", basic_tuple1[0])
print("tuple1", basic_tuple1[2:])
print("tuple2", basic_tuple2[1])
print("tuple3", depth2_tuple[2][0])

print("\ndistribute values")
pooh = "pooh", "bear", 5, 50
name, species, age, weight = pooh
print("tupled pooh info:", name, species, age, weight)